Bacterial syringes can puncture the membrane of a cell and inject therapeutic protein directly into it. Scientists are trying to figure out how to reprogram this syringe for use in human cells or other types of animal cells. A computer program called AlphaFold was used to predict what the molecular shape of this latching mechanism looks like. Based on that prediction, they then engineered a way to replace the component that recognizes an insect cell with a component that can recognize humans.