Is Ireland the First of England's Colonial Ventures?

The native irish were to be made more like us, said the english and lowland scots are to be civilized and anglicized. Ireland was, in sense, a frontier region, so it must be brought within the wider whole of the state. Because it was now a british policy under james, everyone used the word civility. This was, to the official mind, not a war of conquest. It was simply targeting unnatural and barbarous rebels that needed to be rooted out. But many irish lords saw even o'neill's claim to be ting for irelands as bogus. As we'll see, every time they sought representation by parliament or by