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The Cost of Pensions and Health
The number of people aged over 65 increased by 23% between 2009 and 2019, to comprise around a fifth of the total population. And pensioners also have an impact on another element of public spending - health. There are things now that couldn't have been addressed when Beverage wrote which means there are more investigations. That's an important development in the modern age. But alongside that point, we are living longer, the median age in our country is going up. So both of those things together mean that a larger fraction of expenditure, given that a significant fraction of medical attention as countries paid through the NHS rather than privately, is something that will take a larger fractions of government expenditure.