How Did Past Societies Address the Issue of Crime?

How did past societies winh the tools that they hav addressed the issue of crime? And how did they get around to controlling it, curbing it, o maintaining it on a lower level? Because there always will be criminas. What was interesting to me is that once i started looking for material, it was all there. All had to do was just go through the sources, and stuff started popping out. It wasn't covered up. People who do halaha, people who ascribe to halaha as a principle in their lives, were addressed and were asked and were engaged by their communities and were asked for answers. There was an attempt to kind of show that we were always