Determining Entanglement: Classical Correlation vs. Incompatible Observables

Discover how quantum mechanics is reshaping our understanding of time, reestablishing computational capabilities, and ensuring the security of sensitive data transmission.  Guest Monika Schleier-Smith is a physicist who says that quantum principles, like entanglement, can make atoms do funny things, such as allowing two atoms to share secrets across great distances. While entanglement opens tantalizing possibilities like quantum computing, there’s still much we don’t know about quantum mechanics. She now uses lasers to “cool” atoms to near motionlessness as a starting point for controlling and proving entanglement, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.

Chapter Timestamps:

(00:00:00) Opening Remarks 
Monika Schleier Smith, a distinguished professor of physics at Stanford University, kickstarts the episode by introducing the enthralling world of quantum mechanics.
Russ Altman introduces the episode and welcomes Monika Schleier Smith to discuss quantum mechanics and entanglement. And he encourages listeners to engage with the podcast by rating and reviewing it.

(00:02:50) Quantum Mechanics Fundamentals

Monika provides insights into the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, including the concept of quantum uncertainty.

(00:04:22) Embracing Entanglement 

The episode delves into the concept of entanglement, highlighting its non-local properties and the intriguing correlations between particles.

(00:06:55) Initiating Quantum Entanglement 

Monika explains the initial interactions required to establish quantum entanglement between particles. Explore the challenges in preserving entanglement and the impact of quantum measurement.

(00:10:12) Laser-Cooled Atoms in Research 

Monika Schleier Smith sheds light on her lab's laser-cooled atoms research and their vital role in entanglement studies.

(00:11:39) The Doppler Effect and Slowing Atoms

Monika explains the Doppler effect and its role in slowing down atoms using laser beams. Russ Altman connects the Doppler effect to everyday experiences, like the sound of approaching vehicles.

(00:13:04) Tracking and Holding Atoms

Monika describes the next steps in their experiments, involving tracking and holding well-controlled atoms in a vacuum. Russ Altman mentions the challenges of maintaining atoms at low temperatures and in isolation.

(00:14:49) Getting Atoms to Talk

Monika explores the need for entanglement and how it involves making atoms interact. Different approaches, including using Rydberg states and optical resonators, are mentioned.

(00:16:17) Leveraging Light as a Messenger

Monika introduces the concept of using light to convey information between atoms. The discussion includes optical resonators and controlling interactions on different length scales. Russ Altman jokingly mentions the potential size of the lab.

(00:16:32) Preserving Entanglement

Monika highlights the challenge of preserving entanglement and preventing information leakage to the outside world. The importance of maintaining secrecy for entangled states is emphasized.

(00:17:34) Proving Entanglement

Monika explains the need for proving entanglement, distinguishing it from classical correlations. She mentions John Bell's contributions to the theory of proving entanglement. Russ Altman seeks clarification on classical correlations.

(00:20:13) Measuring Incompatible Observables

Monika outlines the measurement of incompatible observables as a way to prove entanglement. The discussion touches on the concept of spin for atom measurements.

(00:22:19) Quantum Computing Potential 

The conversation shifts to quantum computing, where Monika discusses how quantum bits (qubits) can provide computational advantages over classical bits, paving the way for solving complex problems like drug discovery and material science.

(00:28:15) Quantum Communication Secrets 

Monika sheds light on quantum communication's ability to secure data transmission by leveraging the principles of entanglement and quantum error correction.

 (00:32:39) Conclusion & closing

 Russ and Monika wrap up their enlightening conversation, emphasizing the ongoing pursuit of quantum knowledge and technology.

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