Some studies suggest that trans women who are just starting gender affirming hormones can have a 15 to 31% advantage over their cis female athletic opponents. As of this summer, cycling decided to make trans women wait to compete until they're about three years into transition. We've just recently started testing athlete hormone levels at all. And what we're learning is that cis athletes who don't identify as trans or non-binary sometimes also have hormone levels that don't fit into a range that's considered normal for their gender. So is there even a point in defining a norm?

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