Trends and Tensions in Clean Energy Trade

This chapter explores the dynamics of global trade in the clean energy sector, focusing on increased solar module imports from China by countries like Pakistan and Brazil. It examines the impact of trade barriers, particularly U.S. tariffs, on solar costs and reliance on imports, alongside the rising significance of batteries and EVs. The discussion also reflects on the implications of the Inflation Reduction Act and the challenges facing the onshoring movement in clean energy manufacturing.