Challenges of Rare Earth Mining and Recycling

This chapter examines the environmental and geopolitical issues linked to the mining of rare earth metals, focusing on the Mountain Pass Mine and China's dominance in the market. It discusses the complexities of nickel production, its necessity in lithium-ion batteries, and deep sea mining controversies, including the implications of e-waste recycling and the labor conditions related to these industries. Ultimately, the chapter highlights the urgent need for sustainable practices as well as the socio-economic challenges tied to resource extraction and recycling efforts worldwide.