The first books were brought to North America by European colonists, but only the richest white people owned them. Women, black people in the poor and working class still struggled for access to reading material. New York's Phoenix Society, one of the first black book clubs, began in the early 1800s. Robert Barron and Andrew Carnegie funded to the tune of nearly $2 billion with a B dollars in today's money,. This program driven by Carnegie's philanthropy really started the public library system in this country.

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