Germany had only come into being in 1871. We often see it as a kind of Victorian Sparta, all peaked helmets and bristling mustaches but the reality was very different. Take the Kaiser for example. He wasn't an absolute monarch and he certainly wasn't a dictator. Yes, Queen Victoria's grandson was a braggart and a bully. But his biographer has shown beyond question the Kaiser never really wanted war. Wilhelm II always believed that the quarrel between Austria and Serbia would be a purely local affair. And when it looked as if the Russians would intervene, he tried to pull the Austrians back from the brink of all-out invasion. Do you know how many wars

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