My guest is Dr. Herman Pontzer, Ph.D., a professor of evolutionary anthropology and global health at Duke University, known for his research on human bioenergetics, particularly energy expenditure and the exercise paradox. We discuss his work comparing highly active hunter-gatherer groups to more sedentary cultures, exploring their total energy expenditure and the surprising similarities.

We examine the impact of factors such as age, sex, exercise, and pregnancy on daily energy expenditure. We also break down whether diet or exercise plays a greater role in weight management and weight loss.

Additionally, we explore how genetics and the environment interact to shape human physiology, highlighting how population-level findings often overlook individual variation and emphasizing the need for medical and diagnostic practices to account for this diversity.

Read the full episode show notes at performpodcast.com.

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Timestamps

00:00:00 Dr. Herman Pontzer

00:01:18 Energy Expenditure & Metabolism

00:03:59 Hunter-Gatherers, Energy Expenditure vs Sedentary Cultures

00:07:19 What is Energy Expenditure?; Maintaining Energy Budget

00:13:42 Sponsors: David Protein & LMNT

00:16:23 Weight Gain; Calories In, Calories Out

00:22:18 Exercise & Calories Burned, Energy Expenditure Changes?

00:29:56 Movement Efficiency, Exercise & Metabolism Research

00:37:55 Metabolic Recalibration & Exercise Threshold

00:43:33 Hunter-Gatherer Groups, Energy Expenditure, Fertility

00:47:23 Sponsors: AG1 & Renaissance Periodization

00:49:53 Pregnancy & Energy; Overtraining, Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome (REDs)

00:57:37 Metabolism “Slowing Down”, Age or Sex Differences?

01:04:22 Metabolism & Age, Puberty, Older Adults

01:11:51 Body Composition, Individual Food Intake

01:16:49 Sponsor: Eight Sleep

01:18:12 Anthropology, Natural Fallacy, Diversity & Adaptations, Physical Activity

01:27:59 Population, Individual Variation, Diversity, Race

01:34:33 Kidney, eGFR Calculation; Clinical Equations & Race

01:40:51 Genetics, Diversity, Populations; Genetic Testing

01:49:29 One-to-One Gene Fallacy, Height, Environment, Diversity

01:51:20 Height & Weight, Genetics & Environment Interplay

01:56:31 Science Literacy & Research; Diabetes, Heart Disease & Race

02:02:33 Diversity, Physiology & Medicine, EMT

02:07:08 Upcoming Projects, Metabolic Ceilings

02:09:39 Metabolism, Diet & Exercise, Individual Approach

02:14:57 Crash Metabolism?, Herman’s Links

02:17:30 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter

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