Introduction

Frank Graffle is professor of Islamic Studies at Yale University. He talks to Peter Adamson about how Ar-Razali affected conceptions of orthodoxy and toleration of belief in Islam. For Razali Kufur always means apostasy from Islam, but he thinks about it in a different way as earlier legal scholars in Islam have thought about it. And for him, assume the secret apostasy that someone would not say "I've left Islam"