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Short Nonfiction Collections - Book 1

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The Private Use of Reason

Some members of the commonwealth must behave purely passively so that they may by an artificial common agreement be employed by the government for public ends, or at least deterred from vitiating them. But insofar as this or that individual who acts as part of the machine also considers himself as a member of a complete commonwealth, and thence as a man of learning he can indeed argue without harming the affairs in which he is employed some of the time. It would be very harmful if an officer receiving an order from his superiors were to quibble openly, while on duty, about the appropriateness or usefulness of the order in question. The same citizen does not contravene his civil obligations if

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