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The Problem With the Massless Gauge Bosons
In the 1950s they didn't see any massless particles popping out of the nucleus. This turns out not to be a weird quirky thing, this turns out to be apparently a necessary feature of gauge theories. For the weak nuclear force and the strong nuclear force, it solves the problem because the gluons, which are the gauge bosons of the strong force, interact with each other very strongly.