Evolution of Hardware and Software in AI Model Training

This chapter explores the current stack of hardware and software utilized for training AI models, discussing the roles of CUDA, PyTorch, TensorFlow, specialized chips like TPUs and Nvidia H100, and custom kernels for improved training performance. The conversation delves into the increasing importance of specialized hardware and chip manufacturing processes, addressing challenges and potential future trends in scaling up data centers and semiconductor fabs. Additionally, it touches on advancements in chip packaging technology, memory scaling techniques, and strategic partnerships in the semiconductor industry.