Evolving Energy Technologies and Cost Dynamics

This chapter examines the recent developments in energy technology costs, particularly in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries, highlighting significant reductions and their implications for future energy deployment. It discusses the complexities of energy capital costs and the growing relevance of hydrogen blending in new gas projects, while contrasting the cost-effectiveness of renewables with traditional coal and gas sources. Additionally, the chapter addresses the integration challenges of renewables into the grid and the potential of solar thermal technology in the transition towards sustainable energy solutions.