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The Century of Humiliation
There are some important correlates between Iranian history and Chinese because you have this long imperial tradition that gets sort of reimagined as a national history. The Treaty of Turkmenchi is still something that Iranians reference as example par excellence of a ripoff, like a deal that's so profoundly unfair. And then weakness in terms of the Khajar kings don't really allow very many reformists to reach high levels of state power. So for those who might know a little bit of broader Middle Eastern history, these are some of the same things that are happening next door. But there is a much more aggressive and concerted effort to reform the military, to reform education system, to transform the political structure