Against Self-Criticism

In 'Against Self-Criticism', Adam Phillips delves into the concept of self-criticism, highlighting its origins in the superego and its role in shaping our self-perception.

Phillips argues that self-criticism is a relentless and often cruel process that stems from ambivalence towards ourselves, involving opposing feelings that coexist simultaneously.

He critiques the idea that self-criticism is essential for self-improvement, suggesting instead that it can be a form of self-hatred and a source of suffering.

Phillips draws on the works of Freud, Lacan, and other psychoanalytic thinkers to illustrate how self-criticism obscures self-knowledge and perpetuates a cycle of guilt and self-reproach.

He advocates for understanding and befriending our conscience rather than trying to eliminate it, promoting a more nuanced and multifaceted self-understanding.